Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/templates/medinabaay/ja_templatetools.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method modBreadCrumbsHelper::getList() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/mod_breadcrumbs.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JPathway::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRoute::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/helper.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRouter::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
90
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRoute::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/helper.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRouter::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
401
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
109
Deprecated: Non-static method JRoute::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/helper.php on line
31
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRouter::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JText::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/helper.php on line
37
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/helper.php on line
38
Deprecated: Non-static method modBreadCrumbsHelper::setSeparator() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/mod_breadcrumbs.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: Non-static method JHTML::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/helper.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JModuleHelper::getLayoutPath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/modules/mod_breadcrumbs/mod_breadcrumbs.php on line
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Home 
Background: People, Places, and Concepts Places The Fayḍah among the Ñoominka of the Saalum River Delta islands
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/content.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JHTML::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line
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/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in
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Deprecated: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/filter/filterinput.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/intercept.jdatabasemysql.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JClientHelper::getCredentials() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/intercept.jdatabasemysql.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/jfdatabase_inherit.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/jfdatabase_inherit.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
255
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
311
Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/view.php on line
178
Deprecated: Non-static method JHTML::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/view.php on line
13
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/html/html.php on line
326
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line
112
Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JModel::_createFileName() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line
83
Deprecated: Non-static method JTable::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/model.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
45
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
134
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
720
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
721
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line
373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line
45
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getCache() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/controller.php on line
307
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
197
Deprecated: Non-static method JCache::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
213
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getCmd() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/cache/cache.php on line
87
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
255
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getURI() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/cache/handler/view.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getURI() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
51
Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JCacheStorage::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/cache/cache.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/cache/storage/file.php on line
37
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/cache/cache.php on line
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Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/cache/handler/view.php on line
85
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
33
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDocument() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
34
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
35
Deprecated: Non-static method JPathway::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
697
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplicationHelper::getClientInfo() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/pathway.php on line
75
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/pathway.php on line
34
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
345
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
720
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
721
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
698
Deprecated: Non-static method JComponentHelper::getParams() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
240
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
720
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
721
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
394
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
394
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line
373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line
45
Deprecated: Non-static method ContentHelperQuery::buildVotingQuery() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
526
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
608
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDate() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
611
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
432
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/user/user.php on line
260
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::_createACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
232
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
532
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/intercept.jdatabasemysql.php on line
172
Deprecated: Non-static method JClientHelper::getCredentials() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/intercept.jdatabasemysql.php on line
175
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/jfdatabase_inherit.php on line
685
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/jfdatabase_inherit.php on line
692
Deprecated: Non-static method JoomFish::translateList() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/system/jfdatabase/jfdatabase_inherit.php on line
381
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
81
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
85
Deprecated: Non-static method JoomFish::translateListWithIDs() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
142
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
161
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
164
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
171
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::importPlugin() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
172
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
92
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
237
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/joomfish/missing_translation.php on line
57
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/joomfish/missing_translation.php on line
60
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line
373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line
45
Deprecated: Non-static method JoomFish::translateListWithIDs() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
142
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
161
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
164
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
171
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::importPlugin() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
172
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
92
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
237
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/joomfish/missing_translation.php on line
57
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/joomfish/missing_translation.php on line
60
Deprecated: Non-static method JoomFish::translateListWithIDs() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
142
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
161
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
164
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
171
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::importPlugin() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
172
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
92
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
237
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/joomfish/missing_translation.php on line
57
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/joomfish/missing_translation.php on line
60
Deprecated: Non-static method JoomFish::translateListWithIDs() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
142
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
161
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
164
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
171
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::importPlugin() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
172
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
92
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_joomfish/helpers/joomfish.class.php on line
237
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JText::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
550
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line
120
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getUser() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
110
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getSession() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/factory.php on line
168
Deprecated: Non-static method JRegistryFormat::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/registry.php on line
373
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::clean() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/registry/format.php on line
45
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
583
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::getVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
60
Deprecated: Non-static method JRequest::_cleanVar() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
151
Deprecated: Non-static method JFilterInput::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/environment/request.php on line
577
Deprecated: Non-static method JTable::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/models/article.php on line
181
Deprecated: Non-static method JPath::find() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/database/table.php on line
91
Deprecated: Non-static method JTable::addIncludePath() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/database/table.php on line
91
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getDBO() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/database/table.php on line
112
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/user/user.php on line
260
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/user/user.php on line
260
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getACL() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/user/user.php on line
260
Deprecated: Non-static method JRoute::_() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
78
Deprecated: Non-static method ContentHelperRoute::getArticleRoute() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
78
Deprecated: Non-static method ContentHelperRoute::_findItem() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/helpers/route.php on line
49
Deprecated: Non-static method JComponentHelper::getComponent() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/helpers/route.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JComponentHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/component/helper.php on line
39
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/helpers/route.php on line
99
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
720
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
721
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/methods.php on line
41
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
372
Deprecated: Non-static method JRouter::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
674
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
675
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
419
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
345
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
720
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
721
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
401
Deprecated: Non-static method JSite::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
295
Deprecated: Non-static method JApplication::getMenu() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/application.php on line
345
Deprecated: Non-static method JMenu::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
720
Deprecated: Non-static method JError::isError() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
721
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getApplication() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
90
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
394
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getConfig() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
394
Deprecated: Non-static method JURI::base() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/includes/router.php on line
109
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::importPlugin() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/components/com_content/views/article/view.html.php on line
101
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_load() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
92
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JPlugin::loadLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/plugins/content/jfalternative.php on line
38
Deprecated: Non-static method JFactory::getLanguage() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/plugin.php on line
113
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/application/application.php on line
496
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
140
Deprecated: Non-static method JPluginHelper::_import() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
/home/nebedaay/medinabaay_html/libraries/joomla/plugin/helper.php on line
97
Deprecated: Non-static method JDispatcher::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in
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Friday, 28 July 2006 00:00
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Joseph Hill
The islands and coastal areas of the Saalum River are inhabited primarily by “Ñoominka,” or Séeréer-speaking communities that survive on a combination of fishing and farming. Ñoominka were largely animist before the 20th century, although they have nearly all been Islamized by now and many have become Taalibe Baay. There are several major Taalibe Baay muqaddams in the area, and the movement is very strong in some villages, including Jam Ñaajo, Medina Sàngaako, Sóokóon, and Jirnda. This profile brings together data about Ñoominka Taalibe Baay communities gathered through interviews with Ñoominka conducted by Aadi Faal, Aamadu Njaay, and Joseph Hill.
Muqaddams who participated in bringing the Fayḍah to the Saalum Delta
Several early muqaddams played a role in implanting the Fayḍah in the Saalum islands. Some Njolofeen from Saalum have played a role: Omar Faati Jàllo Ñas; Allaaji Usmaan Ñas was assigned by Baay to represent him in Jam Ñaajo, so he is still the village’s moral authority there. Among Ñoominka muqaddams, Baabakar Saar was instrumental in bringing the movement to Jam Ñaajo; Baabakar Caam, Omar Faati Jàllo Ñas’s pupil, has a lot of direct disciples and is a legendary chants and gàmmu leader. Baay’s daughter Seydaa Mariyaama Ñas, who runs several major schools in Dakar, has set up an Islamic school in Jam Ñaajo.1
Early Ñoominka leaders in and around Sóokóon
Omar Ngom mentions four early Ñoominka leaders, all now deceased, who were instrumental in bringing the Fayḍah to Sóokóon and the villages of the Saalum Delta: Tamsiir Alliw Ngom in Sóokóon, Tamsiir Baaba Saaxo in Sanc ba, Allaaji Maalig Saar in Ndangan, and Allaaji Mamadiŋ Koor in Njaafat. Sóokóon is not only the commercial and administrative center of the area but has been the most important center of Taalibe Baay religious activities. All these muqaddams were active in spreading the Fayḍah in and around Sóokóon, and all apparently had houses in Sóokóon but most of them were primarily active in their own village. He says that Baay Ñas did not have many Ñoominka disciples during the beginning of the Fayḍah, although today he estimates that 90% of all Ñoominka are Taalibe Baay and 70% of these have dome tarbiyyah.
Tamsiir Alliw Ngom
Tamsiir Alliw Ngom of Sóokóon (father of the interviewee, Omar Ngom), was among the first disciples and participated in building Medina Baay. He was part of the movement from the beginning, helping to build Medina during its first year. He accompanied Baay Omar Màlle Caam, one of Baay Ñas’s closest disciples and the one who first called him “Baay,” to Kaaraŋ to get wood and straw for the first huts. After this first year he returned to his village, but during that early period the Ñoominka villages were not safe for Muslims, as they were dominated by ceddo. He returned to Medina a year later for tarbiyyah.
He spent a year in Kóosi (I would think this was before Medina) and after he came back he and the two other first TB in Sóokóon organized a dhikr every day, so people called them Kóosi-Kóosi. Baay instructed Tamsiir Alliw’s Qur’an teacher, Allaaji Usmaan Ture (also a TB), who lived 7 km from Sóokóon, to give him the title of Tafsīr.
Tamsiir Baabu Saaxo
From the village of Sanc ba. He had a daara, which his sons now run.
Allaaji Maalig Saar
From Ndangaan.
Allaaji Mamadiŋ Koor
Allaaji Mamadiŋ Koor lived in Njaafat, where Baay’s Ñoominka disciples first farmed fields for him. The village is 75% Taalibe Baay and 90% Séeréer (Ñoominka), the rest being Wolof and Mandinko. Allaaji Mamadiŋ Koor did not run a daara like the other muqaddams mentioned, but he was therefore responsible for organizing the work in these fields. Each year the disciples would farm 4 hectares, 2 of them millet and two peanuts. After the land tenure laws of 1964 tightened up ownership rules, the disciples could no longer unofficially keep these fields free for their leader, so the title was signed over to Baay’s son Sheex Tijaan. People from Njaafat and neighboring villages such as Sóokóon and Mbuumeen still cultivate a field of millet every year for Sheex Tijaan Ñas.
Baabakar Saar
Baabakar Saar was a disciple of Allaaji Abdulaay Ñas, who, toward the end of his life, told Baabakar Saar to pledge allegiance (jébbalu) to Baay after Allaaji Abdulaay’s death. Baay (Ibrayima) was very young at the time, but Baabakar became his disciple after Allaaji Abdulaay died. Baabakar Saar’s original wird came from Allaaji Abdulaay.
Mbara Jaase
Ammat Bittéy of Kaaraŋ, in an interview with Aamadu Njaay, named Mbara Jaase of Sóokóon as a muqaddam of Baay Ñas who “contributed greatly to bringing the Ñoominka Séeréer to Shaykh al-ᵓIslām.”
Baabakar Caam
Baabakar Caam is no doubt the most well known Ñoominka muqaddam in the larger Taalibe Baay community, as he is today’s foremost sikkarkat and has a large number of daayiras attached to him and regularly makes appearances at various religious events to speak and chant. He is known for delivering gàmmus in Séeréer, reaching out beyond the Wolof-speaking population.
Notes
1. Interview with Buubakar Saar, Jam Ñaajo’s muqaddam, by Aadi Faal, June 4, 2005.
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Last Updated on Thursday, 17 September 2009 18:02
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